What’s the Difference? Understanding Mental Health Professionals in Alberta
Navigating mental health support can feel confusing—especially when you're trying to understand the different types of professionals who can help. You might see terms like psychologist, psychiatrist, counsellor, social worker, and coach and wonder: Who does what? Who should I see? What kind of help do I need?
This blog will break it down simply and specifically for Alberta, Canada, so you can make informed choices for yourself or your family.
1. Psychologist
What they do:
Psychologists are mental health professionals trained to assess, diagnose, and treat emotional, psychological, and behavioural issues. In Alberta, psychologists often provide talk therapy (like CBT or EMDR), conduct psychological assessments (for ADHD, learning disabilities, etc.), and help clients with issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, and more.
Credentials and regulation:
To call themselves a Registered Psychologist in Alberta, professionals must be registered with the College of Alberta Psychologists (CAP). They typically hold a Master’s or Doctoral degree in psychology and have completed thousands of supervised hours plus exams.
Can they prescribe medication?
No. Psychologists do not prescribe medication.
Covered by insurance?
Often yes, but check with your specific benefits provider to see if “psychological services” are covered.
2. Psychiatrist
What they do:
Psychiatrists are medical doctors (MDs) who specialize in mental health. They can diagnose mental health conditions and are the only professionals on this list who can prescribe medications. Some psychiatrists also offer psychotherapy, but many focus on medication management, especially in complex or severe cases.
Credentials and regulation:
Psychiatrists are regulated by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta (CPSA). They have completed medical school followed by a psychiatry residency.
Can they prescribe medication?
Yes. They are the only ones on this list who can.
Covered by insurance?
Yes. Because psychiatrists are physicians, their services are covered by Alberta Health Care.
3. Counsellor or Therapist
What they do:
“Counsellor” and “therapist” are broad, non-regulated terms in Alberta. Many professionals use these titles, including psychologists, social workers, and others with graduate-level training in counselling psychology. They support clients through talk therapy, helping with issues like stress, grief, relationships, parenting, trauma, and more.
Credentials and regulation:
This is where it gets tricky. Since “counsellor” isn't a protected title in Alberta, anyone can technically use it—even without formal training. However, many counsellors are professionally trained and may be registered under associations such as:
Canadian Certified Counsellor (CCC) through the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), or
Registered Clinical Counsellor (RCC) through provincial associations (though RCC is not an Alberta designation).
If you're looking for a counsellor in Alberta, ask about their credentials and training to ensure you're working with a qualified professional.
Can they prescribe medication?
No.
Covered by insurance?
Sometimes. Insurance plans vary, and many only cover services provided by psychologists or registered social workers. Always check your plan.
4. Registered Social Worker (with MSW)
What they do:
Registered Social Workers (RSWs) with a Master of Social Work (MSW) are trained to provide psychotherapy and counselling. They work with individuals, couples, families, and communities and often take a systems-based, holistic approach. Many specialize in mental health and provide services very similar to those of psychologists or counsellors.
Credentials and regulation:
To practice in Alberta, they must be registered with the Alberta College of Social Workers (ACSW). A Master of Social Work means they have advanced training and can provide clinical counselling. Look for someone listed as RSW, MSW (and sometimes clinical social worker).
Can they prescribe medication?
No.
Covered by insurance?
Often yes. Many benefit plans cover services from registered social workers with an MSW. Again, check your plan to be sure.
5. Coach (Life Coach, Wellness Coach, etc.)
What they do:
Coaches help clients set and achieve personal or professional goals, improve motivation, or develop new habits. Coaching tends to focus more on the present and future rather than the past. Coaches are not mental health professionals and do not treat mental health disorders.
Credentials and regulation:
Coaching is an unregulated field in Alberta (and Canada), meaning anyone can call themselves a coach, regardless of training. Some coaches are certified through organizations like the International Coach Federation (ICF), but this is not required by law.
Can they prescribe medication?
No.
Covered by insurance?
No. Coaching is generally not covered by insurance plans.
How to Choose the Right Professional
Here are a few quick tips to help you decide:
If you need medication or have a serious mental health condition like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia → Psychiatrist
If you want therapy from someone with advanced training in assessment or mental health diagnoses → Psychologist
If you prefer a holistic, systemic approach or are drawn to social justice and community-focused care → Social Worker (MSW)
If you're seeking general counselling for stress, relationships, parenting, or life transitions → Counsellor/Therapist or Social Worker
If you're goal-focused and don’t need mental health treatment → Coach
Final Thoughts
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The most important thing is finding a professional who is qualified, trustworthy, and a good fit for your needs.
If you’re ever unsure, reach out and ask questions. At Gray Jay Counselling, we’re happy to help you understand your options and connect you with the right kind of support—whether that’s within our practice or elsewhere.
Getting help is a brave step. Knowing who does what is just the beginning.
